Reading material
Characteristics by production area
Coffee has different flavors and aromas depending on where it is grown. This is due to the influence of climate, altitude, soil, cultivation methods, etc. In this article, we will introduce the characteristics of the major coffee-producing regions.
1. What is the Coffee Belt?
Coffee is primarily grown in the so-called "coffee belt," an area stretching between 25 degrees north and south of the equator. Currently, there are approximately 60 to 70 coffee-producing countries in the world, each producing coffee with its own unique flavor.
The following conditions are required for coffee cultivation:
- The average annual temperature is about 20°C.
- There is a clear distinction between the rainy and dry seasons
- Highlands at an altitude of 500 to 2000 meters
- Adequate sunlight and humidity
Areas that meet these conditions are suitable for coffee production.
2. Major coffee-producing countries and their characteristics
2-1. South America
Characteristics: South American coffee is known for its balanced flavor, with a good balance of acidity, bitterness, and sweetness. Brazil and Colombia, in particular, produce coffee of consistent quality.
Brazil
- It is the world's largest coffee producing country, accounting for approximately 30% of the total.
- A well-balanced taste with a subtle acidity and moderate bitterness.
- Natural production methods are the norm, and it has a sweet and rich flavor.
Columbia
- The world's second largest coffee producing country.
- Soft acidity, rich flavor, and a nutty aroma.
- It is famous for its high-quality "Emerald Mountain"
Peru
- An area where organic farming is popular.
- Fruity aroma and soft acidity.
2-2. Central America and the Caribbean
Guatemala
Characteristics: Grown in areas with volcanic soil and high altitudes, the coffee has a pronounced acidity and a sweet aroma. Jamaica's Blue Mountain coffee is particularly high quality.
- It is characterized by volcanic soil and a climate with large temperature differences.
- Sweet aroma, strong acidity, and rich flavor.
- The beans from the typical Antigua region are characterized by their vibrant flavor.
Honduras
- It is cultivated in high altitude areas.
- Soft acidity, sweet aroma, and a refreshing aftertaste.
Jamaica (Blue Mountains)
- It has a good balance of aroma, acidity, and richness, making it popular among Japanese people.
- Very luxurious and rare.
- Only coffee produced in the Blue Mountains area can be called "Blue Mountain."
Mexico
- The northernmost producing country in Latin America.
- Refreshing acidity and sweet aroma.
- There are also many high-quality beans such as "Altura."
Africa
Characteristics: In Ethiopia, the birthplace of coffee, the rich soil and high altitude climate produce a unique fruity aroma and acidity. Many beans have a wine-like flavor.
Ethiopia
- The birthplace of coffee.
- Fruity, wine-like flavor and gorgeous aroma.
- Representative examples include "Mocha Sidamo" and "Mocha Haller."
Kenya
- Produced right on the equator.
- Strong acidity and mellow aroma.
- "Kenya AA" is famous for its high quality beans.
Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
- It has a strong sour and fruity taste.
- When roasted darkly, the sweetness becomes more pronounced.
- "Kilimanjaro AA" is a particularly popular brand.
2-4. Asia and Oceania
This is an area where there are many coffees with unique flavors, including spicy and herbal ones.
Indonesia (Mandheling)
- Fertile soil in volcanic areas.
- Strong, bitter and spicy flavor.
- The Sumatran refining method gives it a unique, rich flavor.
Vietnam
- The world's second largest coffee exporter.
- The region mainly produces Robusta coffee, which is characterized by its strong bitter taste.
- It is often used for blending and instant coffee.
Hawaii (Hawaii Kona)
- High-quality coffee produced in a limited area.
- Clear acidity and moderate richness.
- It is traded at a high price, but its quality is highly stable.
3. Summary
The taste of coffee varies depending on where it is grown. There are many different characteristics, such as the strong acidity of Ethiopia and Kenya, the balanced flavor of Brazil and Colombia, and the deep, rich flavor of Indonesia. Furthermore, the flavor varies depending on the altitude and climate, so even coffee from the same country will have different characteristics depending on the region.
When choosing coffee, it's a good idea to understand the characteristics of each producing region and have fun finding a cup that suits your taste.
